Glycated haemoglobin threshold for dysglycaemia screening and application to metabolic syndrome diagnosis in HIV-infected Africans
South Africa, 2014 - 2015
Kim A. Nguyen, Nasheeta Peer, Anniza de Villiers, Barbara Mukasa, Tandi E. Matsha, Edward J. Mills, Andre P. Kengne
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January 18, 2019
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January 18, 2019
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Identification
Survey ID Number
HbA1cfordysglycaemiascreeninginHIV
Title
Glycated haemoglobin threshold for dysglycaemia screening and application to metabolic syndrome diagnosis in HIV-infected Africans
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| South Africa | ZAR |
Abstract
Background: Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test has been increasingly promoted as an alternative to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to diagnose dysglycaemia but its performance in HIV-infected Africans has yet to be established. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of HbA1c for dysglycaemia including FPG-defined and OGTT-defined dysglycaemia, and OGTT-defined diabetes in HIV-infected Africans, and the effect of HbA1c-predicted dysglycaemia on Joint Interim Statement (JIS)-based prevalent metabolic syndrome (MS).
Methods: A cross-sectional study included HIV-positive patients recruited across public healthcare facilities in the Western Cape. The recommended HbA1c cut-points were tested alongside the optimal cut-points obtained from receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, while the agreement between the MS criteria were assessed using kappa statistic.
Results: 748 participants (157 men), median age 38 years, 93% on anti-retroviral drugs were included. The optimal HbA1c cut-points of 5.75% (39.3 mmol/mol) showed 54% sensitivity, 84% specificity for FPG-defined dysglycaemia, and 52% sensitivity, 85% specificity for OGTT-defined dysglycaemia. The HbA1c value of 5.85% (40.4 mmol/mol) (63% sensitivity, 99% specificity) was optimal for diabetes. The internationally advocated cut-point of 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) had 37% sensitivity and 99% specificity for diabetes, while HbA1c =5.7% (=39 mmol/mol) yielded similar performance with the study-specific cut-point for any dysglycaemia. MS prevalence by the JIS criteria (28.2%) increased to 29.7% when using HbA1c =5.75% (=39.3 mmol/mol) and to 32.9% with HbA1c =5.7% (=39 mmol/mol); agreement between the original and modified criteria was generally good.
Conclusions: This study agrees with the internationally recommended HbA1c cut-point for detecting dysglycaemia, but not for diabetes in HIV-infected Africans. In line with previous studies in general African populations, our findings suggest that similar factors interfere with HbA1c values regardless of HIV infection status. Replacing FPG-based with HbA1c-predicted dysglycaemia in the JIS criteria to diagnose MS is feasible in HIV-infected Africans.
Methods: A cross-sectional study included HIV-positive patients recruited across public healthcare facilities in the Western Cape. The recommended HbA1c cut-points were tested alongside the optimal cut-points obtained from receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, while the agreement between the MS criteria were assessed using kappa statistic.
Results: 748 participants (157 men), median age 38 years, 93% on anti-retroviral drugs were included. The optimal HbA1c cut-points of 5.75% (39.3 mmol/mol) showed 54% sensitivity, 84% specificity for FPG-defined dysglycaemia, and 52% sensitivity, 85% specificity for OGTT-defined dysglycaemia. The HbA1c value of 5.85% (40.4 mmol/mol) (63% sensitivity, 99% specificity) was optimal for diabetes. The internationally advocated cut-point of 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) had 37% sensitivity and 99% specificity for diabetes, while HbA1c =5.7% (=39 mmol/mol) yielded similar performance with the study-specific cut-point for any dysglycaemia. MS prevalence by the JIS criteria (28.2%) increased to 29.7% when using HbA1c =5.75% (=39.3 mmol/mol) and to 32.9% with HbA1c =5.7% (=39 mmol/mol); agreement between the original and modified criteria was generally good.
Conclusions: This study agrees with the internationally recommended HbA1c cut-point for detecting dysglycaemia, but not for diabetes in HIV-infected Africans. In line with previous studies in general African populations, our findings suggest that similar factors interfere with HbA1c values regardless of HIV infection status. Replacing FPG-based with HbA1c-predicted dysglycaemia in the JIS criteria to diagnose MS is feasible in HIV-infected Africans.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Kim A. Nguyen | Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa |
| Nasheeta Peer | Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa |
| Anniza de Villiers | Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa |
| Barbara Mukasa | United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Mildmay, Uganda |
| Tandi E. Matsha | Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa |
| Edward J. Mills | Global Evaluation Science, Vancouver, Canada |
| Andre P. Kengne | Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa |
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2014-03-01 | 2015-02-28 |