{"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"GGTandcardio-metabolicdiseases","title":"Associations of gamma-glutamyl transferase with cardio-metabolic diseases in people living with HIV infection in South Africa"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Kim A. Nguyen","affiliation":"Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town and Durban, South Africa"},{"name":"Nasheeta Peer","affiliation":"Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town and Durban, South Africa"},{"name":"Andre P. Kengne","affiliation":"Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town and Durban, South Africa"}],"study_info":{"abstract":"Backgound: Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has recently been reported as a biomarker for cardiovascular (CVD) risk in general populations. We investigated the associations of GGT with cardio-metabolic diseases and CVD risk in South Africans living with HIV. \nMethods: In this cross-sectional study, HIV-infected adults were randomly recruited across 17 HIV clinics in the Western Cape Province. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome by Joint Interim Statement criteria (JIS-MS), a =5% and =10% predicted risk for a CVD event within 10 years by the Framingham risk score (10-years-CVD risk) were computed. Associations between GGT and cardio-metabolic trait were explored using linear and binomial logistic regressions adjusted for age, gender, lifestyle behaviours and HIV-related characteristics. \nResults: Among 709 participants (561 women, mean age 38.6 years), log-GGT was positively associated with waist circumference (\u00df=2.75; p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (\u00df=1.65; p=0.006), total cholesterol (\u00df=0.21; p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (\u00df=0.16; p<0.001), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and log-triglycerides (both \u00df=0.12; p<0.001), fasting plasma glucose (\u00df=0.19; p=0.031), 2-hour-post-glucose-load plasma glucose (\u00df=0.26; p=0.007), HOMA-IR (\u00df=0.13; p=0.001), log-high-sensitivity C-reactive-protein (\u00df=0.3; p<0.001) in linear regression analyses; with hypertension [OR=1.41 (95%CI, 1.13-1.75); p=0.001], JIS-MS [OR=1.33 (1.05-1.68); p=0.016], =5% 10-year-CVD risk [OR=1.55 (1.24-1.9400); p<0.001] and =10% 10-year-CVD risk [OR=1.56 (1.08-2.23); p=0.016] but not with diabetes [OR=1.24 (0.88-1.71), p=0.205] in logistic regression analyses. \nConclusions: In this study, GGT levels were associated with cardio-metabolic variables  independent of HIV specific attributes. If confirmed in longitudinal studies, GGT evaluation maybe included in CVD risk monitoring strategies in people living with HIV.","coll_dates":[{"start":"2015-01-01","end":"2015-12-31","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"South Africa","abbreviation":"ZAR"}]}}}