Factors associated with IPV victimisation of women and perpetration by men in migrant communities of Nepal Nwabisa Shai Geeta Devi Pradhan Esnat Chirwa Ratna Shrestha Abhina Adhikari Alice Kerr-Wilson Nesstar Publisher Factors associated with IPV victimisation of women and perpetration by men in migrant communities of Nepal FactorsassociatedwithIPV Nwabisa Shai Geeta Devi Pradhan Esnat Chirwa Ratna Shrestha Abhina Adhikari Alice Kerr-Wilson Nesstar Publisher This paper aims to describe the prevalent forms of intimate partner violence, and the factors associated with intimate partner violence among women and men living in the migrant communities of Baglung district, Nepal. Data was drawn from 357 adult women and men from six wards in two sub-districts of Baglung district. We followed a family model, interviewing young married women, their husbands, and mothers-in-law and fathers-in-laws using an electronic interviewer-administered questionnaire. We conducted descriptive analyses and random effects regression modelling comparing men and women, and young married women with daughter-in-law status and older women with mothers-in-law with status. The results indicated that 28.6% of women had ever experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner compared to 18.2% of men having ever perpetrated these against intimate partners in their lifetime. Regression analyses found that being older, male controlling behaviour and poor relations with husband increased the odds of women experiencing IPV in their lifetime while perceptions that the mother-in-law is kind were protective. Borrowing money or food increased young women's lifetime IPV risk while mother-in-law cruelty and male control increased older women's exposure. Being ashamed of being unemployed and childhood trauma were associated with men perpetrating IPV in their lifetime. Factors associated with IPV in the past year were being younger, job seeking, experiences of childhood trauma and depression exposure among men and difficulty accessing money for emergencies, holding inequitable gender attitudes, and depression among women. Unemployment stress, holding inequitable gender attitudes and mother-in-law kindness were associated with young women's exposure and hunger, mother-in-law cruelty and depression with older women's exposure. The results demonstrated the need to critically challenge harmful social and gender norms by using approaches that are sensitive to unequal gender relations at the family level. IPV prevention interventions need to employ a holistic approach that combines changing social and gender norms and improving socioeconomic conditions of women living in migrant communities. Nepal Data.NSDstat 358 228 Nesstar 200801 V1 358 0 01 Feb 17 3 02 Feb 17 21 03 Feb 17 26 05 Feb 17 7 06 Feb 17 23 07 Feb 17 29 08 Feb 17 13 09 Feb 17 7 16 Jan 17 22 17 Jan 17 12 18 Jan 17 21 20 Jan 17 13 21 Jan 17 19 22 Jan 17 17 23 Jan 17 2 24 Jan 17 1 25 Jan 17 42 26 Jan 17 22 27 Jan 17 6 28 Jan 17 2 30 Jan 17 27 31 Jan 17 22 date 1 V2 358 0 01 Feb 17 3 02 Feb 17 21 03 Feb 17 26 05 Feb 17 7 06 Feb 17 23 07 Feb 17 29 08 Feb 17 13 09 Feb 17 7 16 Jan 17 22 17 Jan 17 12 18 Jan 17 21 20 Jan 17 11 21 Jan 17 21 22 Jan 17 17 23 Jan 17 2 24 Jan 17 1 25 Jan 17 42 26 Jan 17 22 27 Jan 17 6 28 Jan 17 2 30 Jan 17 27 31 Jan 17 22 endDate 1 V3 358 0 2 55 3 54 6 54 7 70 8 54 9 70 Q2 1 V4 358 0 01001 1 01002 1 01003 1 01004 1 01500 1 01501 1 01502 1 02005 1 02007 1 02008 1 02503 1 02504 1 02505 1 02506 1 03009 1 03010 1 03011 1 03012 1 03507 1 03508 1 03510 1 04013 1 04014 1 04015 1 04016 1 04511 1 05017 1 05018 1 05019 1 05020 1 05514 1 05515 1 05516 1 05517 1 06021 1 06022 1 06024 1 06518 1 06519 1 06520 1 06521 1 07025 1 07026 1 07027 1 07028 1 07522 1 07523 1 07524 1 07525 1 08029 1 08030 1 08031 1 08032 1 08526 1 08527 1 08528 1 08529 1 09033 1 09034 1 09035 1 09036 1 09530 1 09531 1 09532 1 09533 1 10037 1 10038 1 10039 1 10040 1 10534 1 10535 1 10536 1 10537 1 11041 1 11042 1 11043 1 11044 1 11538 1 11539 1 11540 1 12045 1 12046 1 12047 1 12048 1 12541 1 12542 1 12543 1 12544 1 13049 1 13052 1 13545 1 13546 1 13547 1 13548 1 14053 1 14054 1 14056 1 14549 1 14550 1 14551 1 14552 1 14553 1 15057 1 15059 1 15060 1 15554 1 15555 1 15556 1 15557 1 16061 1 16062 1 16063 1 16064 1 17065 1 17066 1 17067 1 17068 1 17558 1 17559 1 17560 1 17561 1 18069 1 18070 2 18071 1 18562 1 18563 1 18564 1 18565 1 19072 1 19074 1 19075 1 19566 1 19568 1 19569 1 20076 1 20077 1 20078 1 20570 1 20571 1 20572 1 20573 1 21079 1 21080 1 21081 1 21574 1 21575 1 21576 1 21577 1 22082 1 22083 1 22084 1 22578 1 22579 1 22580 1 22581 1 23085 1 23086 1 23087 1 23088 1 23582 1 23584 1 23585 1 24089 1 24091 1 24092 1 24586 1 24587 1 24588 1 24589 1 25093 1 25094 1 25095 1 25590 1 25591 1 25592 1 25593 1 26096 1 26097 1 26098 1 26099 1 26594 1 26595 1 26597 1 27100 1 27101 1 27102 1 27103 1 27598 1 27599 1 27600 1 27601 1 28104 1 28105 1 28106 1 28107 1 28602 1 28603 1 28604 1 28605 1 29108 1 29109 1 29110 1 29111 1 29606 1 29607 1 30112 1 30113 1 30114 1 30115 1 30610 1 30612 1 30613 1 31116 1 31118 1 31614 1 31615 1 31617 1 31618 1 32119 1 32120 1 32121 1 32122 1 33123 1 33124 1 33125 1 33126 1 33619 1 33620 1 33621 1 33622 1 34127 1 34128 1 34129 1 34130 1 34623 1 34624 1 34625 1 34626 1 35131 1 35132 1 35133 1 35134 1 35627 1 35628 1 35629 1 35630 1 36135 1 36136 1 36137 1 36138 1 36631 1 36632 1 36633 1 37139 1 37140 1 37141 1 37142 1 37634 1 37635 1 37636 1 37637 1 38143 1 38145 1 38146 1 38638 1 38639 1 38640 1 38641 1 39147 1 39148 1 39150 1 39642 1 39644 1 39645 1 40151 1 40152 1 40153 1 40154 1 40646 1 40647 1 40648 1 40649 1 41155 1 41156 1 41158 1 41650 1 41651 1 41653 1 42159 1 42160 1 42162 1 42654 1 42655 1 42656 1 43163 1 43164 1 43165 1 43166 1 43657 1 43658 1 43659 1 43660 1 44167 1 44168 1 44169 1 44661 1 44662 1 44663 1 45170 1 45171 1 45172 1 45664 1 45665 1 45666 1 45667 1 46173 1 46175 1 46176 1 46668 1 46669 1 46670 1 46671 1 47177 1 47178 1 47179 1 47180 1 47672 1 47673 1 47674 1 48181 1 48183 1 48184 1 48675 1 48676 1 48677 1 49185 1 49186 1 49187 1 49188 1 49678 1 49679 1 49680 1 50189 1 50190 1 50191 1 50192 1 50682 1 50684 1 51685 1 51686 1 51687 1 51688 1 52689 1 52690 1 52691 1 52692 1 Q3 1 V5 358 0 Older Man 179 Q4 1 Unmarried Adult Man 3 Young Married Man 175 V6 358 0 16 3 17 1 18 2 19 2 20 10 21 9 22 12 23 13 24 11 25 9 26 9 27 5 28 11 29 9 30 4 31 7 32 5 33 6 34 5 35 5 36 7 37 2 38 6 39 4 40 3 41 7 42 7 43 5 44 6 45 3 46 4 47 5 48 10 49 7 50 9 51 5 52 6 53 2 54 2 55 7 56 6 57 6 58 4 59 6 60 6 61 6 62 6 63 5 64 7 65 4 66 6 67 7 68 7 69 4 70 6 71 2 72 3 73 3 74 3 75 3 76 5 77 3 78 1 86 1 87 2 q101 1 V7 358 0 Brahmin 44 Chhetri 104 Dalit 45 Janjati 160 Other 4 q102 1 V8 358 0 No 147 Yes 210 q104 1 V9 358 0 0 147 Bachelors completed 6 Bachelors started 4 Grade 1 4 Grade 10 (SLC) 39 Grade 11 (10+1) 9 Grade 12 (10+1) 30 Grade 2 8 Grade 3 12 Grade 4 10 Grade 5 16 Grade 6 8 Grade 7 11 Grade 8 27 Grade 9 23 Post graduate studies started/completed 3 q105 1 V10 358 0 CURRENTLY MARRIED 338 NEVER MARRIED 3 PREVIOUSLY MARRIED 16 q109 1 V11 354 0 1 9 10 4 11 2 12 3 13 3 14 2 15 6 16 5 17 1 18 7 19 6 2 16 20 7 21 3 22 8 23 9 24 4 25 8 26 10 27 4 28 6 29 2 3 18 30 5 31 11 32 8 33 3 34 4 35 8 36 2 37 4 38 6 39 7 4 11 40 5 41 8 42 4 43 9 44 5 45 6 46 4 47 7 48 3 49 1 5 13 50 4 51 4 52 1 53 3 54 2 55 2 56 6 57 3 58 3 59 2 6 17 60 3 62 1 63 1 66 1 67 2 68 1 7 8 8 8 9 4 q110 1 V12 354 0 ALONE WITH YOUR CHILDREN 13 ALONE WITH YOUR WIFE AND CHILDREN (IF YOU HAVE CHILDREN) 151 IN SAME HOUSEHOLD WITH YOUR WIFE AND YOUR OWN FAMILY 80 IN SAME HOUSEHOLD WITH YOUR WIFE’S FAMILY 104 WITH YOUR FAMILY 5 q114 1 V13 358 0 Never 314 Often 1 Rarely 29 Sometimes 13 q116 1 V14 358 0 Never 346 Rarely 9 Sometimes 2 q117 1 V15 358 0 ALWAYS HAS MEAT 201 OCCCASIONALLY HAVE NO MEAT 61 OFTEN HAVE NO MEAT 22 SOMETIMES HAVE NO MEAT 68 VEGETARIAN 5 q118 1 V16 358 0 ALMOST EVERY WEEK 27 EVERY DAY 19 MORE THAN ONCE A WEEK 34 NEVER 67 ONCE OR TWICE IN THE LAST 4 WEEKS 210 q119 1 V17 358 0 Never 350 Rarely 3 Sometimes 4 q120 1 V18 358 0 118 65 VERY DIFFICULT 11 VERY EASY 163 q121 1 V19 358 0 ALMOST EVERY WEEK 8 EVERYDAY 1 MORE THAN ONCE A WEEK 10 NEVER 161 ONCE OR TWICE IN THE LAST 4 WEEKS 177 q122 1 V20 358 0 No 224 Yes 133 q123 1 V21 358 0 No 248 Yes 109 q127 1 V22 110 0 No 91 Yes 18 q129 1 V23 358 0 A FEW TIMES 56 MANY TIMES 16 NEVER 277 ONCE 8 q132a 1 V24 358 0 A FEW TIMES 7 NEVER 348 ONCE 2 q132b 1 V25 358 0 A FEW TIMES 9 MANY TIMES 2 NEVER 334 ONCE 12 q132c 1 V26 358 0 A FEW TIMES 16 MANY TIMES 2 NEVER 324 ONCE 15 q132d 1 V27 358 0 A FEW TIMES 18 MANY TIMES 5 NEVER 321 ONCE 13 q132e 1 V28 358 0 5 1 A FEW TIMES 90 MANY TIMES 16 NEVER 224 ONCE 26 q132f 1 V29 358 0 5 1 A FEW TIMES 94 MANY TIMES 14 NEVER 225 ONCE 23 q132g 1 V30 358 0 AGREE 149 DISAGREE 160 STRONGLY AGREE 1 STRONGLY DISAGREE 47 q133a 1 V31 358 0 AGREE 176 DISAGREE 143 STRONGLY AGREE 9 STRONGLY DISAGREE 29 q133b 1 V32 358 0 AGREE 85 DISAGREE 234 STRONGLY AGREE 4 STRONGLY DISAGREE 34 q133c 1 V33 358 0 AGREE 218 DISAGREE 109 STRONGLY AGREE 6 STRONGLY DISAGREE 24 q133d 1 V34 358 0 AGREE 149 DISAGREE 178 STRONGLY AGREE 3 STRONGLY DISAGREE 27 q134a 1 V35 358 0 AGREE 76 DISAGREE 260 STRONGLY DISAGREE 21 q134b 1 V36 358 0 AGREE 43 DISAGREE 286 STRONGLY AGREE 2 STRONGLY DISAGREE 26 q134c 1 V37 358 0 AGREE 133 DISAGREE 192 STRONGLY AGREE 7 STRONGLY DISAGREE 25 q134d 1 V38 358 0 AGREE 316 DISAGREE 13 STRONGLY AGREE 28 q201a 1 V39 358 0 AGREE 230 DISAGREE 2 STRONGLY AGREE 125 q201b 1 V40 358 0 AGREE 326 DISAGREE 16 STRONGLY AGREE 15 q201c 1 V41 358 0 AGREE 228 DISAGREE 1 STRONGLY AGREE 128 q201d 1 V42 358 0 AGREE 284 DISAGREE 24 STRONGLY AGREE 49 q201e 1 V43 358 0 AGREE 276 DISAGREE 57 STRONGLY AGREE 23 STRONGLY DISAGREE 1 q201f 1 V44 358 0 AGREE 286 DISAGREE 68 STRONGLY AGREE 3 q201g 1 V45 358 0 AGREE 286 DISAGREE 18 STRONGLY AGREE 53 q201h 1 V46 358 0 AGREE 320 DISAGREE 32 STRONGLY AGREE 5 q201i 1 V47 358 0 AGREE 287 DISAGREE 13 STRONGLY AGREE 57 q201j 1 V48 358 0 AGREE 279 DISAGREE 73 STRONGLY AGREE 4 STRONGLY DISAGREE 1 q201k 1 V49 358 0 AGREE 281 DISAGREE 21 STRONGLY AGREE 55 q201l 1 V50 358 0 AGREE 278 DISAGREE 65 STRONGLY AGREE 14 q201m 1 V51 358 0 AGREE 276 DISAGREE 11 STRONGLY AGREE 70 q201n 1 V52 358 0 AGREE 325 DISAGREE 29 STRONGLY AGREE 3 q201o 1 V53 358 0 AGREE 298 DISAGREE 3 STRONGLY AGREE 56 q201p 1 V54 358 0 AGREE 288 DISAGREE 23 STRONGLY AGREE 46 q201q 1 V55 358 0 AGREE 271 DISAGREE 66 STRONGLY AGREE 20 q201r 1 V56 358 0 AGREE 291 DISAGREE 23 STRONGLY AGREE 43 q201s 1 V57 358 0 AGREE 301 DISAGREE 38 STRONGLY AGREE 17 STRONGLY DISAGREE 1 q201t 1 V58 358 0 AGREE 170 DISAGREE 171 STRONGLY AGREE 15 STRONGLY DISAGREE 1 q201u 1 V59 358 0 AGREE 122 DISAGREE 208 STRONGLY AGREE 6 STRONGLY DISAGREE 21 q201v 1 V60 358 0 AGREE 63 DISAGREE 279 STRONGLY AGREE 10 STRONGLY DISAGREE 5 q201w 1 V61 358 0 AGREE 19 DISAGREE 284 STRONGLY AGREE 5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 49 q201x 1 V62 358 0 AGREE 44 DISAGREE 305 STRONGLY AGREE 4 STRONGLY DISAGREE 4 q201y 1 V63 358 0 AGREE 12 DISAGREE 295 STRONGLY AGREE 3 STRONGLY DISAGREE 47 q201z 1 V64 358 0 AGREE 90 DISAGREE 245 STRONGLY AGREE 21 STRONGLY DISAGREE 1 q201aa 1 V65 358 0 AGREE 61 DISAGREE 256 STRONGLY AGREE 10 STRONGLY DISAGREE 30 q201ab 1 V66 358 0 AGREE 109 DISAGREE 222 STRONGLY AGREE 23 STRONGLY DISAGREE 3 q201ac 1 V67 358 0 AGREE 75 DISAGREE 240 STRONGLY AGREE 9 STRONGLY DISAGREE 33 q201ad 1 V68 358 0 AGREE 182 DISAGREE 162 STRONGLY AGREE 12 STRONGLY DISAGREE 1 q201ae 1 V69 358 0 AGREE 60 DISAGREE 250 STRONGLY AGREE 4 STRONGLY DISAGREE 43 q201af 1 V70 358 0 AGREE 180 DISAGREE 167 STRONGLY AGREE 9 STRONGLY DISAGREE 1 q201ag 1 V71 358 0 AGREE 145 DISAGREE 189 STRONGLY AGREE 5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 18 q201ah 1 V72 358 0 AGREE 131 DISAGREE 219 STRONGLY AGREE 6 STRONGLY DISAGREE 1 q201ai 1 V73 358 0 AGREE 73 DISAGREE 250 STRONGLY AGREE 2 STRONGLY DISAGREE 32 q201aj 1 V74 358 0 AGREE 135 DISAGREE 206 STRONGLY AGREE 16 q201ak 1 V75 358 0 AGREE 74 DISAGREE 264 STRONGLY AGREE 7 STRONGLY DISAGREE 12 q201al 1 V76 358 0 AGREE 91 DISAGREE 259 STRONGLY AGREE 7 q201am 1 V77 358 0 AGREE 43 DISAGREE 270 STRONGLY AGREE 4 STRONGLY DISAGREE 40 q201an 1 V78 358 0 AGREE 259 DISAGREE 91 STRONGLY AGREE 6 STRONGLY DISAGREE 1 q201ao 1 V79 358 0 AGREE 268 DISAGREE 19 STRONGLY AGREE 69 STRONGLY DISAGREE 1 q201ap 1 V80 358 0 AGREE 45 DISAGREE 304 STRONGLY AGREE 8 q201aq 1 V81 358 0 AGREE 30 DISAGREE 274 STRONGLY AGREE 3 STRONGLY DISAGREE 50 q201ar 1 V82 158 0 AGREE 58 DISAGREE 99 q201as 1 V83 158 0 AGREE 94 DISAGREE 62 STRONGLY AGREE 1 q201at 1 V84 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 39 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 21 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 234 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 63 q301a 1 V85 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 34 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 11 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 241 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 71 q301b 1 V86 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 20 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 12 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 291 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 34 q301c 1 V87 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 83 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 43 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 180 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 51 q301d 1 V88 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 40 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 13 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 235 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 69 q301e 1 V89 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 40 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 23 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 224 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 70 q301f 1 V90 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 43 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 17 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 258 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 39 q301g 1 V91 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 100 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 45 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 141 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 71 q301h 1 V92 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 29 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 14 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 261 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 53 q301i 1 V93 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 17 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 12 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 277 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 51 q301j 1 V94 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 58 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 21 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 208 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 70 q301k 1 V95 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 144 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 90 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 73 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 50 q301l 1 V96 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 27 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 7 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 275 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 48 q301m 1 V97 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 27 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 11 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 287 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 32 q301n 1 V98 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 23 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 12 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 288 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 34 q301o 1 V99 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 132 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 61 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 117 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 47 q301p 1 V100 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 22 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 6 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 291 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 38 q301q 1 V101 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 46 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 25 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 234 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 52 q301r 1 V102 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 12 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 7 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 314 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 24 q301s 1 V103 358 0 MODERATE AMOUNT OF TIME (3-4 DAYS) 34 MOST OR ALL OF THE TIME (5-7 DAYS) 15 RARELY OR NONE OF THE TIME 247 SOME OR A LITTLE OF THE TIME (1-2 DAYS) 61 q301t 1 V104 158 0 No 53 Yes 104 q305 1 V105 105 0 No 18 Yes 86 q306 1 V106 87 0 2-3 TIMES A WEEK 21 2-4 TIMES A MONTH 33 4 + TIMES A WEEK 24 MONTHLY OR LESS 7 NEVER 1 q307 1 V107 349 0 0 7 15 2 16 8 17 15 18 38 19 44 20 52 21 38 22 30 23 26 24 19 25 19 26 12 27 8 28 10 29 2 30 2 31 2 32 3 34 1 35 2 36 3 37 1 39 1 41 2 6 1 q308 1 V108 350 0 0 45 1 152 2 86 3 30 4 23 5 9 6 4 q309 1 V109 350 0 0 85 1 132 2 56 3 47 4 20 5 7 6 1 7 1 q310 1 V110 357 0 EXCELLENT 12 FAIR 219 GOOD 61 POOR 56 VERY POOR 8 q311 1 V111 358 0 Cannot do at all 1 No – No difficulty 212 Yes – a lot of difficulty 16 Yes – some difficulty 128 q312 1 V112 358 0 Cannot do at all 1 No – No difficulty 277 Yes – a lot of difficulty 18 Yes – some difficulty 61 q313 1 V113 358 0 Cannot do at all 4 No – No difficulty 231 Yes – a lot of difficulty 13 Yes – some difficulty 109 q314 1 V114 358 0 Cannot do at all 1 No – No difficulty 221 Yes – a lot of difficulty 14 Yes – some difficulty 121 q315 1 V115 358 0 Cannot do at all 4 No – No difficulty 227 Yes – a lot of difficulty 10 Yes – some difficulty 116 q316 1 V116 358 0 No – No difficulty 338 Yes – a lot of difficulty 6 Yes – some difficulty 13 q317 1 V117 354 0 16 2 17 1 18 1 19 4 20 8 21 7 22 4 23 13 24 11 25 6 26 15 27 10 28 8 29 10 30 7 31 5 32 4 33 3 34 7 35 7 36 6 37 4 38 8 39 4 40 7 41 4 42 3 43 7 44 5 45 10 46 4 47 4 48 7 49 7 50 9 51 5 52 6 53 2 54 6 55 5 56 7 57 5 58 4 59 5 60 6 61 5 62 8 63 4 64 6 65 8 66 5 67 3 68 7 69 4 70 4 71 3 72 2 73 3 74 3 75 2 76 4 77 1 78 2 79 1 82 1 87 1 88 3 q401 1 V118 354 0 Agree 49 Disagree 281 Strongly agree 3 Strongly disagree 20 q402a 1 V119 354 0 Agree 297 Disagree 17 Strongly agree 39 q402b 1 V120 354 0 Agree 309 Disagree 12 Strongly agree 32 q402c 1 V121 354 0 Agree 183 Disagree 133 Strongly agree 33 Strongly disagree 4 q402d 1 V122 354 0 Agree 67 Disagree 280 Strongly agree 1 Strongly disagree 5 q402e 1 V123 354 0 Agree 173 Disagree 143 Strongly agree 30 Strongly disagree 7 q402f 1 V124 354 0 Agree 176 Disagree 152 Strongly agree 16 Strongly disagree 9 q402g 1 V125 332 0 Agree 71 Disagree 245 Strongly agree 7 Strongly disagree 8 q405a 1 V126 332 0 Agree 272 Disagree 40 Strongly agree 15 Strongly disagree 4 q405b 1 V127 332 0 Agree 268 Disagree 38 Strongly agree 24 Strongly disagree 1 q405c 1 V128 332 0 Agree 214 Disagree 97 Strongly agree 8 Strongly disagree 12 q405d 1 V129 332 0 Agree 77 Disagree 249 Strongly agree 2 Strongly disagree 3 q405e 1 V130 332 0 Agree 54 Disagree 267 Strongly agree 1 Strongly disagree 9 q405f 1 V131 332 0 Agree 72 Disagree 251 Strongly agree 1 Strongly disagree 7 q405g 1 V132 357 0 0 356 q406 1 V133 357 0 NEVER 16 NO CHILDREN 10 OFTEN 227 SOMETIMES 103 q407 1 V134 357 0 NEVER 20 OFTEN 208 SOMETIMES 128 q408 1 V135 357 0 NEVER 11 OFTEN 79 SOMETIMES 24 WE HAVE NOT DISCUSSED BUYING LARGE ITEMS 242 q409 1 V136 354 0 NEVER 228 OFTEN 8 SOMETIMES 117 q416 1 V137 354 0 Agree 215 Disagree 106 Strongly agree 31 Strongly disagree 1 q417a 1 V138 354 0 Agree 17 Disagree 333 Strongly disagree 3 q417b 1 V139 353 0 Agree 30 Disagree 314 Strongly agree 1 Strongly disagree 7 q417c 1 V140 354 0 Agree 13 Disagree 328 Strongly disagree 12 q417d 1 V141 354 0 Agree 34 Disagree 313 Strongly disagree 6 q417e 1 V142 354 0 Agree 14 Disagree 327 Strongly disagree 12 q417f 1 V143 354 0 Agree 144 Disagree 202 Strongly agree 5 Strongly disagree 2 q417g 1 V144 354 0 Agree 28 Disagree 303 Strongly agree 4 Strongly disagree 18 q417h 1 V145 354 0 FEW 7 MANY 3 NEVER 334 ONCE 9 q418 1 V146 354 0 FEW 12 NEVER 327 ONCE 14 q419 1 V147 354 0 NEVER 349 ONCE 4 q420 1 V148 354 0 FEW 16 NEVER 324 ONCE 13 q421 1 V149 354 0 FEW 14 MANY 1 NEVER 324 ONCE 14 q422 1 V150 354 0 FEW 6 NEVER 341 ONCE 6 q423 1 V151 354 0 FEW 15 NEVER 328 ONCE 10 q424 1 V152 354 0 FEW 14 NEVER 333 ONCE 6 q425 1 V153 354 0 FEW 5 NEVER 344 ONCE 4 q426 1 V154 354 0 FEW 3 NEVER 342 ONCE 8 q427 1 V155 354 0 FEW 12 NEVER 331 ONCE 10 q428 1 V156 354 0 FEW 7 NEVER 336 ONCE 10 q429 1 V157 354 0 FEW 2 NEVER 340 ONCE 11 q430 1 V158 354 0 FEW 4 NEVER 344 ONCE 5 q431 1 V159 353 0 FEW 2 NEVER 347 ONCE 3 q432 1 V160 354 0 FEW 1 NEVER 349 ONCE 3 q433 1 V161 354 0 FEW 5 NEVER 343 ONCE 5 q434 1 V162 354 0 FEW 3 NEVER 345 ONCE 5 q435 1 V163 354 0 FEW 1 NEVER 348 ONCE 4 q436 1 V164 354 0 FEW 31 MANY 5 NEVER 302 ONCE 15 q437 1 V165 354 0 FEW 19 MANY 5 NEVER 318 ONCE 11 q438 1 V166 354 0 FEW 7 MANY 5 NEVER 330 ONCE 11 q439 1 V167 354 0 FEW 9 MANY 3 NEVER 335 ONCE 6 q440 1 V168 354 0 FEW 4 MANY 2 NEVER 346 ONCE 1 q441 1 V169 354 0 FEW 21 MANY 3 NEVER 329 q442 1 V170 354 0 FEW 17 MANY 2 NEVER 331 ONCE 3 q443 1 V171 354 0 FEW 11 MANY 1 NEVER 341 q444 1 V172 357 0 NEVER 204 OFTEN 38 SOMETIMES 101 VERY OFTEN 13 q501a 1 V173 357 0 NEVER 279 OFTEN 7 SOMETIMES 67 VERY OFTEN 3 q501b 1 V174 357 0 NEVER 324 OFTEN 5 SOMETIMES 26 VERY OFTEN 1 q501c 1 V175 357 0 NEVER 314 SOMETIMES 42 q501d 1 V176 357 0 NEVER 348 SOMETIMES 7 VERY OFTEN 1 q501e 1 V177 357 0 NEVER 348 OFTEN 1 SOMETIMES 7 q501f 1 V178 357 0 NEVER 339 OFTEN 1 SOMETIMES 16 q501g 1 V179 357 0 NEVER 247 OFTEN 22 SOMETIMES 82 VERY OFTEN 5 q501h 1 V180 357 0 NEVER 320 OFTEN 1 SOMETIMES 31 VERY OFTEN 4 q501i 1 V181 357 0 NEVER 351 SOMETIMES 4 VERY OFTEN 1 q501j 1 V182 357 0 NEVER 72 OFTEN 128 SOMETIMES 132 VERY OFTEN 24 q501k 1 V183 357 0 NEVER 240 OFTEN 30 SOMETIMES 79 VERY OFTEN 7 q501l 1 V184 357 0 Agree 286 Disagree 23 Strongly agree 47 q506 1 V185 358 0 0 157 1 200 gender 1 V186 358 0 10 71 11 33 12 23 13 2 4 10 5 4 6 6 7 10 8 141 9 57 wkstatus 1 V187 358 0 1 28 2 316 3 13 rvq201A 1 V188 358 0 1 15 2 326 3 16 rvq201C 1 V189 358 0 1 3 2 286 3 68 rvq201G 1 V190 358 0 1 5 2 320 3 32 rvq201I 1 V191 358 0 1 4 2 279 3 73 4 1 rvq201K 1 V192 358 0 1 14 2 278 3 65 rvq201M 1 V193 358 0 1 3 2 325 3 29 rvq201O 1 V194 358 0 1 6 2 259 3 91 4 1 rvq201AQ 1 V195 358 0 1 125 2 230 3 2 rvq201B 1 V196 358 0 1 128 2 228 3 1 rvq201D 1 V197 358 0 1 53 2 286 3 18 rvq201H 1 V198 358 0 1 57 2 287 3 13 rvq201J 1 V199 358 0 1 55 2 281 3 21 rvq201L 1 V200 358 0 1 70 2 276 3 11 rvq201N 1 V201 358 0 1 56 2 298 3 3 rvq201P 1 V202 358 0 1 69 2 268 3 19 4 1 rvq201AR 1 V203 358 0 0 30 1 23 10 13 11 5 12 7 2 22 3 31 4 38 5 29 6 63 7 42 8 30 9 24 cespos 1 V204 358 0 0 57 1 37 10 10 11 7 12 8 13 10 14 8 15 12 16 3 17 4 18 2 19 3 2 32 20 2 21 2 22 1 23 5 24 1 25 2 26 1 27 5 28 1 29 1 3 32 30 2 31 1 33 1 37 1 38 1 39 1 4 33 40 1 41 1 5 21 6 17 7 12 8 13 9 6 cesneg 1 V205 358 0 0 295 1 62 cesdep 1 V206 358 0 0 231 1 64 2 62 cesug 1 V207 358 0 0 295 1 62 disab 1 V208 353 0 11 1 12 1 13 1 14 2 15 6 16 64 17 136 18 72 19 39 20 17 21 9 22 1 23 3 relcon 1 V209 354 0 0 294 1 59 emab12 1 V210 353 0 0 324 1 28 sipv 1 V211 354 0 0 268 1 85 psipv 1 V212 353 0 0 285 1 67 empsipv12 1 V213 357 0 12 26 13 49 14 75 15 59 16 46 17 40 18 20 19 19 20 10 21 3 22 1 23 1 24 3 25 1 27 2 29 1 chtr 1 V214 358 0 10 6 11 60 12 7 13 26 14 8 15 10 16 7 17 4 18 3 19 2 20 1 7 173 8 6 9 44 wksk 1 V215 358 0 41 1 42 1 43 1 44 6 45 12 46 25 47 56 48 37 49 32 50 33 51 30 52 23 53 22 54 16 55 10 56 15 57 10 58 7 59 1 60 9 61 2 62 1 63 1 64 1 65 3 67 1 69 1 CommNorms 1 V216 201 0 10 50 11 68 12 34 13 21 14 10 15 4 17 1 25 1 6 2 7 3 8 1 9 5 husrel 1 V217 155 0 13 1 14 4 15 91 16 19 17 15 18 13 19 9 20 2 wfrel 1 V218 358 0 27 3 28 2 29 2 30 2 31 4 32 2 33 3 34 3 35 7 36 2 37 10 38 1 39 6 40 12 41 10 42 9 43 24 44 26 45 66 46 45 47 31 48 27 49 16 50 11 51 6 52 7 53 9 54 5 55 3 56 2 58 1 genattsI 1 V219 358 0 0 20 1 337 married 1 V220 358 0 10 52 11 72 12 47 13 6 14 4 4 19 5 2 6 9 7 6 8 62 9 78 unempstr 1 V221 358 0 10 71 11 33 12 23 13 2 4 10 5 4 6 6 7 10 8 141 9 57 workshame 1 V222 332 0 10 1 12 1 3 3 4 3 5 2 6 193 7 79 8 27 9 22 MILcruel 1 V223 332 0 10 18 11 8 12 4 3 1 4 2 5 5 6 26 7 18 8 58 9 191 MILkind 1 V224 50 0 10 12 11 2 12 3 13 4 14 4 15 15 5 2 6 1 7 1 8 4 9 1 womdec 1 V225 65 0 10 3 11 7 12 45 8 9 mandec 1 V226 358 0 0 312 1 45 dalit 1 V227 358 0 0 281 1 76 difmony 1 V228 358 0 0 161 1 196 borroweva 1